I think that's an unfair characterization on many levels, but the point is not that one can never outperform; I think even the most ardent proponents of index investing acknowledge that people who buy individual stocks can and often do get triple-digit returns in any given year and tend to outperform indices over periods of 5-10 years, even longer. The point is that as the time horizon increases, the probability of beating those indices decreases, because over time the big gains are usually counterbalanced by signfiicant losses. If you're passionate about investing and are motivated to spend the time on research, learning, etc., your investment of time and education is likely to pay off. But it would be a shame if you spent all that time and in the end your returns weren't remarkably better than those of someone who spends 4 hours per year managing his or her investments. I don't think it has anything to do with settling for mediocrity; it has to do with priorities and probabilities.